top of page

egypt's early ruler

Around 2600 B.C, Egyptians entered the Old Kingdom. This kingdom lasted until 2200 B.C. During these years, Egyptians built magnificent cities and increased trade. They also formed a unified government. The Egyptians understood the importance of everyone working and living according to similar principles and beliefs. Therefor, they developed a leader using theocracy. This means the king was a political and religious leader.

a political leader

Screenshot (7)_edited.jpg

Joel Day / Alamy Stock Photo

​

The king of Egypt was called a pharaoh, and all Egyptians believed that a strong ruler unified their kingdom, so they were fiercely loyal to him. They believed that their pharaoh would save them from disasters. The pharaoh appointed a bureaucrat (officials) to carry out his orders. They supervised constructions, and repair of dams, and brick granaries.

a religious leader

Egyptians were also loyal to the pharaoh because they thought he was the son of Re, the Egyptian sun god. They believed that the pharaoh was the god on earth who protected Egypt. As the Egyptians religious leader, a pharaoh participated in ceremonies to help the kingdom thrive. 

the after life

Egyptians looked forward to the after life, they believed that the after life would be better than the present life. That after a long journey, the dead would arrive at a place of peace. One of the most important writings of ancient Egypt was "The Book of the Dead". The Egyptians practiced its prayers and spells so that when Osiris greeted them they would be able to pass to the next world. Egyptians thought that they needed their bodies to survive in the afterlife, so they used the process of embalming. This process started by taking out the organs and placing them on jars. These were buried with the dead bodies, called "mummies".

pyramid tombs

Screenshot (8)_edited.jpg

Charles Walker Collection / Alamy Stock Photo

Egyptians honored their pharaoh in a special way, that they built them tombs called pyramids. These constructions are still standing today. pyramids protected the pharaohs bodies from natural disaster, wild animals, and robbers. Egyptians believed that the pharaohs needed their clothing , weapons, and all personal belongings in order to be satisfied. 

how were pyramids built?

 Workers like surveyors, engineers, carpenters, and stonecutters were useful for the pyramids.  Workers searched for rocks along the river and took them to the building site. Once there, the rocks were unloaded and shaped in order to build the pyramid. Egyptians learned numerous thing when building these tombs. For example, each pyramid rested on a square-shaped foundation, with an entrance facing north. To find North, Egyptians studied the skies and developed an understanding of astronomy. With this information they invented the 365-day calendar, with 12 months. Egyptians also made an advancement on mathematic, they needed to calculate how much rock was needed, and needed to measure the  angle of the walls. With this they invented the numbers based on 10, also using subtraction, division, and addition.

Screenshot (9)_edited.jpg

Stockbym / Alamy Stock Photo

egypt's social groups

Roles of Egyptians reflected their social position in society. The pharaoh were in the most highest positions. The upper class was made up of nobles, generals, and priests. Merchants, artisans, and shopkeepers were placed in the middle class. The lowest, but largest group in the Egyptian society was made up of farmers and unskilled workers. 

egyptian families

The family was the most important group in ancient Egyptians society. The father was  the head of the family in ancient Egypt, but woman had more rights than woman in the other early civilizations had. They could own property, buy and sell goods, and obtain divorces. Wealthy woman even served as priests, managing temples. Wives of farmers, helped their husbands in the fields. Few Egyptian children went to school. They spent most of their time having fun with dolls, board games etc. Young girls were taught to cook, sew, and run a household. While young boys were taught to farm, trade and inherit their father's business. When they became teenagers, they were expected to get married and have families of their own. Later on they had the job to take care of their parents when they were too old to work. This responsibility included making sure the parents were given a proper burial after they died.

Screenshot (10)_edited.jpg

Liudmyla Klymenko / Alamy Stock Vector

bottom of page